這篇文章寫給那些分?jǐn)?shù)在0?80之間,想要掌握一些解題技巧,爭取在考試中多拿幾分的高中學(xué)生。當(dāng)然,我不鼓勵同學(xué)們只鉆研這些解題技巧,如果你的時間充裕,一定要去扎扎實實地記單詞,學(xué)語法,進行聽說讀寫的訓(xùn)練。但如果你馬上要面臨高考或者其他考試,看看這篇文章對你有很大幫助。
下面講的是改錯題的技巧,有很多技巧是能讓在你看不懂文章,讀不懂句子的情況下,只需記住幾個單詞就能做對題目。
改錯題的原則:
1、一個句子大多數(shù)情況是1-2個錯誤,極少數(shù)出現(xiàn)3個錯誤。
2、每次只能改一個單詞,不能連續(xù)改兩個單詞。
3、一種類型的語法錯誤只會出現(xiàn)一次,比如已經(jīng)改了一個名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的錯誤,那后文當(dāng)中就不會在出現(xiàn)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的錯誤了。
1、 Though / Although …… but
例:My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live. Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. (2016全國卷I)
講解: though和although意為“雖然”,but意為“但是”,在英語中“雖然……但是”不能在一起連用。也就是說though/although和but不能出現(xiàn)在一個句子中,以后在句子開頭看到though/although要下意識地馬上看看后面有沒有but,連句子都不需要讀懂,如果有but,你應(yīng)該很高興,這一分是穩(wěn)拿了。把but去除掉。
練習(xí):Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014全國卷I)
答案:把but去掉
2、because ……so
例:Because I have seen the movie,so I won't go.
講解:because意為“因為”,so意為“所以”,在英語中“因為……所以”不能在一起連用,他們不能出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中,同樣以后看到because要下意識地馬上看看后面有沒有so,一樣地連句子都不需要讀懂,如果后面有so,這一份也是穩(wěn)拿。把so去除掉
3、Beside和besides
例:Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet.
講解:beside意為“在……旁邊”,besides意為“除了”。besides是副詞一般放在句子開頭,beside沒有這樣的用法。換句話說就是在句子開頭出現(xiàn)beside并且后面有個逗號,連句子都不用看了,直接把“beside”變成“besides”
4、however和but
例:He was five years old. But,he knows a lot.
講解:however意為“然而”,but意為“但是”,中文的意思基本沒有區(qū)別。他們的不同在于出現(xiàn)在句子開頭時,寫完however要有個逗號跟在后面,but沒有這種用法
換句話說就是,如果看到but出現(xiàn)在句子開頭,并且后面有個逗號,可以毫不猶豫地把but改成however,不需要去讀懂句子。
5、非限制性定語從句的連接詞不能用that
例:In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. (2017全國卷II)
講解:非限制性定語從句前有逗號,非限制性定語從句的連接詞不能用that。換句話說就是句子都不用看了,只要這個“that”出現(xiàn)在句子中間,前面又有一個“逗號”,如果前面出現(xiàn)了“人”就把that改成who,如果出現(xiàn)了“事、物”就把that改成which。這一題中就是把that改成which
注:前面是“時間”,則連接詞改成when,前面是“地點”,則連接詞改成where,但這兩種情況出現(xiàn)較少。
練習(xí)1:Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013全國卷II)
練習(xí)2:The EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, that Psented potential safety problems.
練習(xí)3:The hero of the film is Hiro, that is a 14-year-old robotics genius.
答案:練習(xí)1:把that改成which
練習(xí)2:把that改成which
練習(xí)3:Hiro是人名,把that改成who
6、介詞后面的動詞要變成ing形式
例:I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全國卷III)
講解:介詞后面的動詞在90%的情況下需要變成ing形式,不需要讀懂句子,你只需認(rèn)識介詞和其后面的動詞。在這個句子中你只需認(rèn)識by是介詞,wear是動詞“穿”,這一題的改法是把“wear”改成“wearing”
常見的介詞有“in,on,at,of,about,after,before,by,from,with,without……”
練習(xí)1:After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. (2015全國卷II)
練習(xí)2:After think for some time,I let her copy my answers.(2013四川)
練習(xí)3:We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全國卷II)
答案:練習(xí)1:把looks改成looking
練習(xí)2:把think改成thinking
練習(xí)3:take和staying一樣都是在介詞between后面,把take改成taking
7、enjoy,practise,mind,like,love,keep等后面的動詞要用ing形式
例:I enjoy sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江)
講解:看到enjoy意為“享受,喜歡”,practise意為“練習(xí)”,mind意為“介意”,like意為“喜歡”,love意為“愛,喜歡”。出現(xiàn)在他們后面的動詞必須是ing形式;旧弦膊挥每淳渥拥阋J(rèn)識以上幾個單詞。這題中,把sit改成sitting
8、to+動詞原形
例:She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs(2013全國卷I)
講解:to后面的動詞在90%的情況下要變成原形。把holding改成hold
練習(xí)1:He would ask who we were and Ptend not to knowing us.(2015全國卷II)
練習(xí)2:It’s difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside.(2014遼寧)
練習(xí)3:It costs so little that almost every family can afford to buying one.
答案:練習(xí)1:把knowing改成know
練習(xí)2:把understanding改成understand
練習(xí)3:把buying改成buy
9、情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形
例:We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016全國卷II)
講解:情態(tài)動詞can,must,may,should,could,might,have to……后面的動詞必須要用原形。這一題中,can后面的chose是過去式,要改成原形choose
練習(xí):We must found ways to protect our environment.(2015全國卷I)
答案:把found變回原形find
10、much和many之間互換
例:We don’t need to do so many homework.(2014全國卷II)
講解:了解much和many的區(qū)別也不用看句子了,只需要看看many或much前后的單詞即可。much+不可數(shù)名詞。many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。much還可以做副詞,many沒有這種用法。這一題中homework是不可數(shù)名詞,需要把many變成much
如果實在還是看不懂,把看到的many或much進行互換,也有很大概率做對。
練習(xí)1:It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.(2016全國卷II)
練習(xí)2:It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.(2015四川)
練習(xí)3:The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.(2014全國卷I)
練習(xí)4:I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him(2013遼寧).
練習(xí)5:Much rare animals are dying out.(2015全國卷I)
答案:把many和much進行互換
11、數(shù)詞后面的名詞加復(fù)數(shù)
例:There was a long line of traffic for at least for six mile.(2012遼寧)
講解:數(shù)詞即是“one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten……”出現(xiàn)在數(shù)詞后面的名詞不管你認(rèn)不認(rèn)識都必須是名詞復(fù)數(shù),名詞復(fù)數(shù)最常見的變化是在詞尾加“s”,此題中,six是一個數(shù)詞,我們需要把mile變成miles
練習(xí)1:I needed to stay in a hospital for at least for two week.(2012浙江)
練習(xí)2:My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2015浙江)
練習(xí)3:As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.(2015四川)
練習(xí)4:For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014全國卷I)
答案:練習(xí)1:week出現(xiàn)在two后面,變成weeks
練習(xí)2:side出現(xiàn)在three后面,變成sides
練習(xí)3:friend出現(xiàn)在three后面,變成friends
練習(xí)4:hour出現(xiàn)在one and a half(一個半)后面,變成hours